Comparing the emergence of<i>Echinochloa crus?galli</i>populations in different locations. Part II: similarities and threshold parameters

The variability in the emergence process of different populations was confirmed for two Echinochloa crus-galli populations, one from Italy (IT) and second Norway (NO). Seeds were sown 12 localities over Europe Middle East, patterns IT NO compared with those several local at each location. population pots buried to ground level. base temperature (Tb) estimated by (1) analysing logistic models applied field NO, (2) a germination assay set winter 2020 constant temperatures (8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 26, 29°C) newly collected seeds 2019 same fields where had previously been harvested 2015. developed location showed that pattern similar Poland, Italy, Spain, Turkey South Iran, while fitted better Sweden Latvia. No obtained chamber, but Tb model 11.2°C. For 8.8°C chamber 8.1°C field. Results suggest adaptation environmental conditions has led inter-population differences parameter estimates thermal-time predict E. should only be used climatic habitat conditions.